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Content:
Vol.
10. No. 1 Spring 2010
Vol.
9, No.2
Fall 2009
Vol.
9, No.1 Spring 2009
Vol. 8, No.2
Fall 2008
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8, No.1 Spring 2008
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7, No. 2 Fall 2007
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6, No. 2 Fall 2006
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Erratic Monsoon, Growing
Water Demand, and Declining Water Table
C.
Bhuiyan* , W. A. Flügel and R. P. Singh
Abstract:
In India, water resources are governed by the southwest monsoon.
The water demand is increasing day by day due to population
growth, rapid urbanisation, and multiple cropping practices. Due
to changing climatic conditions monsoon, the chief controller of
rainfall is found to be very irregular. Erratic monsoon with
insufficient rainfall in combination with high heat-flow and
over-exploitation of ground water imparts stress on the water
resources, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.
Time-series analysis of water-table fluctuations provides idea
about temporal variation of aquifer-recharge and availability of
ground-water resources. In the present study, an attempt has
been made to assess relative influence of different controlling
factors on ground-water recharge. Spatio-temporal variations of
rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, ground-water draft and
consequent water-table fluctuations in the Aravalli terrain have
been analysed using GIS. Visual comparison points out
significant decrease in aquifer-recharge and variation in its
spatial patterns in yearly and decadal scales owing to large
variations in the seasonal rainfall distribution and
over-exploitation of the limited water resources. Wells and
zones could be demarcated where water table is depleting since a
decade, irrespective of change in the rainfall scenario.
Keywords:
Monsoon, Aravalli, time series, water table, GIS
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Assessment of Spatial
Patterns of Sediment Transport and Delivery for Soil and Water
Conservation Programs
Narcisa G. Pricope
Department of Geography, 3141 Turlington Hall P.O. Box 117315,
Gainesville FL 32611, USA
Abstract:
Soil erosion has tremendous impacts on most river systems
throughout the United States. Such non-point pollution results
from land-use and agricultural practices and leads to
sedimentation downstream, a decrease in the transport capacity
of streams, an increase in the risk of flooding, filling of
reservoirs, and eutrophication. This paper uses a
spatially-explicit model to identify the sediment sources and
delivery paths to channels and link these sediment supply
processes to in-channel sediment transport and storage. The
paper analyzes hillslope erosion and deposition rates using the
Unit Stream Power Erosion and Deposition model in a GIS to
estimate patterns of sediment supply to rivers in order to
predict which portions of the channel network are more likely to
store large amounts of fine sediments and thus are most
sensitive to the effects of on and off-site soil erosion. This
study focuses on the Pitman Creek Basin, a predominantly
agricultural sub-basin in the Upper Green River in Kentucky.
Results indicate that while much of the eroded sediments are
redistributed within the hillslope system, a large proportion is
also delivered to the channel. Sediment delivery to the stream
is estimated using buffers defined in accordance with currently
implemented conservation practices. These predictions have been
tested by sampling the fine sediment content of the streambed at
key locations along the channel network and comparing the
observed patterns to those predicted by the soil erosion model.
Overall, high
intensity erosion tends to occur at contact between different
vegetation covers, on barren lands and croplands, and 15-25%
slopes poorly protected by vegetation, thus highlighting several
erosion hot spots.
Keywords:
off-site soil erosion, soil erosion and deposition model,
sediment delivery, GIS
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JoSHJournal
of Spatial Hydrology
ISSN: 1530-4736